What is meant by "collateral damage" in targeting operations?

"Collateral damage" refers specifically to unintended damage or casualties that occur during military operations, particularly targeting operations, that affect non-target entities. This concept is crucial in assessing the impact of military actions, as it emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between intended targets, such as enemy combatants or military assets, and unintended victims, which can include civilians, infrastructure, or the environment. Understanding collateral damage is essential for military planners and operators to minimize harm to non-combatants and maintain ethical standards in warfare.

This term is significant in discussions about the rules of engagement and the principles of proportionality and distinction, which guide the lawful conduct of armed conflict. Leaders and strategists in military operations strive to mitigate collateral damage to uphold international humanitarian law and to preserve legitimacy in the eyes of the global community.